linux图形化安装

## linux图形化安装
> what:  linux图形化安装
>
> when: 2021/12/30
>
> who：姚向雷
>
> where：centos7
>
> why:记录过程

### 1.Xfce图形化介绍：

```
桌面环境使用Xfce，它是一个精简的轻量化桌面，与Gnome和KDE相比更小巧，并且界面美观、对用户友好，适合云服务器远程连接场景下使用。 
```

### 2.安装图形化

更新yum

```bash
$ yum update -y
```

查是否有xfce

```bash
#若无xfce，需要安装epel-release
[root@JRT ~]# yum grouplist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
 * epel: mirror.sjtu.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
Available Environment Groups:
   Minimal Install
   Compute Node
   Infrastructure Server
   File and Print Server
   Cinnamon Desktop
   MATE Desktop
   Basic Web Server
   Virtualization Host
   Server with GUI
   GNOME Desktop
   KDE Plasma Workspaces
   Development and Creative Workstation
Available Groups:
   Cinnamon
   Compatibility Libraries
   Console Internet Tools
   Development Tools
   Educational Software
   Electronic Lab
   Fedora Packager
   General Purpose Desktop
   Graphical Administration Tools
   Haskell
   Legacy UNIX Compatibility
   MATE
   Milkymist
   Scientific Support
   Security Tools
   Smart Card Support
   System Administration Tools
   System Management
   TurboGears application framework
   Xfce
Done
[root@JRT ~]#

```

安装X Window system

```bash
$ yum groupinstall "X Window system" -y
$ yum install gnome-classic-session gnome-terminal nautilus-open-terminal control-center liberation-mono-fonts
```

安装xfce

```bash
$ yum groupinstall xfce
```

安装完成xfce之后进入桌面

```bash
$ systemctl isolate graphical.target
```

### 3.安装vnc远程工具

#### 服务端

安装vncserver

```bash
[root@ecs-bd8d ~]# yum install -y tigervnc-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
 * epel: mirror.sjtu.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tigervnc-server.aarch64 0:1.8.0-22.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

====================================================================================
 Package                 Arch            Version              Repository       Size
====================================================================================
Installing:
 tigervnc-server         aarch64         1.8.0-22.el7         updates         203 k

Transaction Summary
====================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 203 k
Installed size: 554 k
Downloading packages:
tigervnc-server-1.8.0-22.el7.aarch64.rpm                     | 203 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : tigervnc-server-1.8.0-22.el7.aarch64                             1/1 
  Verifying  : tigervnc-server-1.8.0-22.el7.aarch64                             1/1

Installed:
  tigervnc-server.aarch64 0:1.8.0-22.el7

Complete!
[root@ecs-bd8d ~]#
```

vim ~/.vnc/xstartup

```
#!/bin/sh
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
startxfce4 &
```

设置启动级别

```
# systemctl set-default graphical.target　　#graphical.target相当于level5，multi-user.target相当于level3
```

配置root用户实例

```
#root用户，服务名是vncserver@:1.service：
cp /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service
```

修改拷贝过来的模板配置文件，主要是[Service]部分

```bash
# vim /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@\:1.service
[Service]
Type=forking
User=root
# Clean any existing files in /tmp/.X11-unix environment
ExecStartPre=-/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i
ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l root -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"
PIDFile=/root/.vnc/%H%i.pid
ExecStop=-/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i
```

修改vncserver密码

```bash
#修改密码
#密码：长度为6~8个字符。超过8个字符的密码将自动截断。请牢记该密码，VNC Viewer连接云服务器时会使用。
#验证密码：再次输入密码。
#是否创建仅查看密码：使用仅查看密码登录的用户将无法使用鼠标或键盘控制云服务器。此处输入“n”。
 vncpasswd    #root用户实例的vnc密码
```

启动服务

```bash
[root@ecs-bd8d ~]#systemctl daemon-reload
[root@ecs-bd8d ~]#systemctl start vncserver@:1.service
[root@ecs-bd8d ~]# netstat -nltp |grep vnc
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5901            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      772/Xvnc            
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:6001            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      772/Xvnc            
tcp6       0      0 :::5901                 :::*                    LISTEN      772/Xvnc            
tcp6       0      0 :::6001                 :::*                    LISTEN      772/Xvnc            
```

#### 客户端

下载vnc view

```bash
#安装后，客户端不会生成桌面快捷方式，需要安装时指定目录
VNC Viewer下载地址：https://www.realvnc.com/en/connect/download/viewer/
```

连接

1.打开VNC Viewer软件，新建连接,依次点击File----New connection...,在弹出来的连接属性窗口中的VNC Server输入vnc服务器的ip和端口，注意端口就是刚才查到的那个5901。Name项就随便随便写了，仅仅是个vnc连接工具的快捷方式名称而已。

2.双击刚才实例，输入密码，连接即可。

## 4.参考链接

```bash
#https://blog.csdn.net/qq_28641401/article/details/99428192
#https://support.huaweicloud.com/bestpractice-ecs/zh-cn_topic_0168615364.html
```